adhd treatment medication for ADHD for adults usually involves medication and psychosocial therapy. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants as well as non-stimulant medications.
Stimulants like methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine act on brain chemical messengers to improve mood and concentration, and impulse control. Atomoxetine and guanfacine, both of which are non-stimulant ADHD drugs, are prescribed to teenagers, adults or children who are not responsive to stimulants.
Stimulants
Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs to treat ADHD. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the brain, which helps people control their behavior and pay attention. They have been found to alleviate ADHD symptoms in 70% to 80% of adults and children. This includes decreasing hyperactivity, fidgeting and interrupting, assisting with tasks and improving relationships. In addition they have been proven to reduce absenteeism as well as improve academic performance.
These drugs are typically taken orally. There are two types of these drugs that are immediate-release (short acting) and extended-release. The longer-acting form increases slowly in the bloodstream, and wears off more slowly than the short-acting dosage. This can prevent the "crash" effect that occurs when a medication wears down, causing symptoms to be recurred, such as mood loss feelings of hunger, and a lack of energy.
The most frequently used stimulant for children and teenagers is methylphenidate. It is available in pills that can be taken orally, chewed and swallowed, and sometimes, a patch is used to deliver it. There are also the amphetamines Adderall and Dexedrine which are more potent and last longer than methylphenidate. There is also atomoxetine, which is a prescription for children and adults over 5 years old when other medications fail to work or cause unwanted effects.
Amphetamines can affect the heart and are therefore not recommended for people suffering from heart problems. They can also be used to abuse and can lead to addiction.
Nonstimulant ADHD medications are available, but they take longer to work and do not have the same effects. They are typically used in conjunction with behavioral therapy, which is often described as multimodal therapy.
Certain studies have proven that the combination of medication and behavioral therapy can improve the way people suffering from ADHD function at home, school or work. A single medication isn't enough to control the disorder, and many people suffering from ADHD continue to struggle despite taking medication.
In these instances it is important to discuss with your doctor about other treatment options are available. In certain cases psychoeducation is a treatment option which assists adolescents, children and adults comprehend their diagnosis of ADHD and provide strategies to deal with it. This is often paired with behavioural therapy and training, which can improve the way people with ADHD perform at school and in the workplace.
Some ADHD medication can cause adverse effects however, they are generally only temporary and last for a short time. Most side effects disappear when the body is accustomed to the medication. If they persist however, your doctor may be able to adjust the dosage or type. Tell your doctor if you or your child are experiencing any changes in mood or appetite or if they experience trouble sleeping or having stomach upsets. This information will help your doctor determine the best medication for your child or yourself. This is crucial, particularly in the event that you suffer from other medical conditions that could interfere with the medication and increase your risk of having side effects.